Effects of Artificial Sweat Formulation and Extraction Temperature on Estimation of the Dermal Bioaccessibility of Potentially Toxic Elements in a Contaminated Soil from an E-Waste Recycling Site

Informal recycling of electronic waste leads to soil contamination that can impact human health. To accurately assess exposure potentially toxic elements (PTE) in it is necessary consider their bioavailability through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. However, bioaccessibility tests estimate absorption following adhesion contaminated particles skin are not well established. In this study the concentrations As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb Zn were estimated <45 µm particle size fraction a bulk composite from an e-waste site using five different artificial sweat formulations. Extractions performed at temperatures ranging 17 47 °C investigate effect ambient temperature on bioaccessibility. Results obtained sweats consistent with one another. particular, NIHS 96-10 formulation solubilized larger amounts analytes (ranging 6.3 times next most effective extractant for Cu 1700 Pb). There was general increase release PTE increasing temperature, except As. Although trends varied between formulations, highlights need when estimating soil.